The PROBABILITY can be calculated exactly – even if small samples suggest it is something else.
If you throw a Head four times in a row, it doesn’t change the probability – the next throw is still just as likely to come up heads or tails – anything else is the Gambler’s Fallacy.
The 100 families example perfectly follows the exact probabilities because it makes it easier to calculate. I could have given you an example with 18.7 billion families where 9.238 billion have mixed, 4.616 billion have two boy s and so on, but I didn’t think it would help. 🙂
Turn it into percentages from the start if you like: 100% of the families have no children. They spawn. Now 50% have a girl and 50% have a boy.
The ones with one girl spawn, (25% 2Girls, 25% Mixed) and the ones with one boy spawn (25% 2boys, 25% Mixed)
In total we now have:
25% of families have 2 Girls
25% of families have 2 Boys
50% of families have Mixed
Pick one random family and the likelihood of it having Mixed (50%) is twice that of it having 2 Girls (25%).