angle & distance between bb/arse/bars is all that matters in terms of comfort/power surely (ie you could ride a super slack seat tube or big layback post as long as your bars were a bit higher and not as far forwards or else super-steep with a low & forwards stem). (or you could ride upside down, or on a recumbent).
I suppose the “traditional” angles (that work well for most) are what delivers that, plus a nice aerodynamic angle of your torso. They also stop you having to support lots of your weight on your hands, which will tire your shoulders/back.
TT and triathletes presumably mostly ride shorter durations so don’t need absolute comfort (they also rest on their elbows, so can prob tolerate more weight on the front to get a very aero postion)
I don’t ride long distances so bike fit isn’t crucial for my comfort. I suspect my position is also shite – something is sho’ making me slow 😥