What kind of dimmer switch would I need?
Also, if it doesn’t work, will it damage the grinder?
For a dremel, a variac or SCR based one. I put a fuse inline in case the dimmer released it’s magic smoke to protect the motor. I wouldn’t actually advise that for an angle grinder becuase it’s a far more powerful motor. Spend a few more quid and get one designed for higher demand motors, you can buy e.g. a router speed controller. They have circuits to flatten out the ‘pulse’ of the voltage that can damage motors.
I’m not sure what kind of wood carving you are doing but I don’t think an angle grinder would be a good tool for that. I can’t ever remember seeing an attachment designed for wood, except the fairly aggressive abrasives. Those probably wouldn’t produce the results you want.. If you have a drill, a set of grinding/burr bits would be a better bet