My first advice would be to check your handbook as it may well have a recommended winter tyre size for your car. It may also list the other wheel/tyre combinations for different variants (engines, specs, sports suspension etc) for your car.
Brake sizes can change with engine size and type so you may see some variants have 15″ option but they may not fit ones with different engines. One way to check that is use a site like eurocarparts and fill in the details of your car and ones with different engines and see what size front discs it gives. Not fool proof but could help.
Safest way to get the right wheel fitment is ones of the same car. Sometimes the less desirable alloys are easier to find than steel wheels and can be had quite cheap. Lots of makes will have a common wheel size and things like VWs have well documented wheel data on enthusiast sites.
You need to consider the offset, number of bolts, bolt circle diameter and bore size. Also you may need different bolts/nuts for a steel wheel compared to an alloy due to a different cone angle.
Going back to my first advice to check the manual this is the best way as you should follow this for insurance purposes. If you are following the car manufacturers guidance on winter wheels for the car the insurance company cannot class it as a modification. They did try upping premiums for people who fitted winter tyres a while back but they got told off for it.
Obviously fitting a different wheel material could be classed a modification but I would say thats not an issue unless you are switching the steel wheels for alloy ones.