I’ve recently changed to a proper road bike from a cx with slick tyres. Here are my highly scientific findings.
Gears are wider. On the CX I had a 46/36 and an 11-25 cassette. there were smooth changing gaps but I’d spin out over 35mph and struggled to climb a local killer ascent. On the road bike I have a 50/34 and an 11-28 cassette. changing gaps are bigger, but I now spin out at about 39mph and can climb up anything that I can be bothered to spin up.
Position is better, after about 2 hours I started to get a bit sore on the CX bike with lower back pain and wrist pain (although this was a 56cm alu bike compared to a M carbon bike?)
Brakes. I hate cantilevers. I always have since the early days of MTB. Some people tink they’re great, I think they sound like a goose attacking and stop like a hedgehog on ice. the calipers on the road bike work fine, are deadly silent and if anything are too good, as I keep locking up the rear wheel if I’m not careful!
in short, buy a cx bike, if you find you enjoy riding road, you can buy a road bike later on. Road bikes are IMO a better investment than mtb’s as stuff breaks less often, there’s less technology and a top bike can be had for less money (I just sold a reynolds steel, full dura ace bike for £170).