From Sheldon Brown: Pawl
A spring-loaded part that engages a set of teeth when moving in one direction, but slides over them when moving in the other direction. The pawls in a freewheel make a ticking sound when a bicycle coasts. Most freewheels have two or three pawls.
Best explained by looking at a Hope service diagram as they use external (to the freehub) pawls.
The shimano ones can be serviced but are not really designed to be – you get a spare freehub as a closed unit and bolt it back onto the hub. Hope ones can be dissembled and spares got for it.
If you do go the route of a new freehub, check the part number and you may find that it’s cheaper to get the freehub as part of a full cheap hub as opposed to a single part, and you then get a spare set of cones, bearings, axle, etc. as part of it.