Being dim here but if the iPhone is in Airplane mode does it still track your position on the map?
Or do you use it like a paper map and figure out where you are from where you last where!
I use OS Maps on my iPhone but it really burns through the battery.
No idea specifically for iPhones but GPS is passive (the device receives signals only), so it should allow you to turn GPS on and remain in flight mode, I know Google maps (among others) allow you to download maps to use offline, so all a phone (or tablet even) in flight mode needs to do is overlay your GPS position over a map already stored on the phone.
Years ago when roaming data charges were an issue I managed to faff about and navigate in Portugal this way (we had free Wifi at place we were staying, so you just had to plan your day before leaving). TBH these days if navigating by phone I would just take the potential hit on battery and carry a power bank, data use isn’t a concern anymore…
One advantage of a dedicated bike GPS is that it is still essentially designed to act as a reliable “offline” GPS navigation device, in a world where many people now rely on having an “online” navigation device (built into their pocket rectangle)…
But take a paper map(s) as well, you never know…