Tyre Cuts. A cut in excess of 25mm or 10% of the section width of the tyre , whichever is greater, measured in any direction on the outside of the tyre and deep enough to reach the ply or cord, would make the tyre illegal.
The difference between what’s written in the testers hand book and that quote is that the 25mm/10% rule doesn’t need the cords exposed but they have to be able to be felt. With the caveat in the notes that to fail you must be sure that it’s the cords and not other debris……
When you read the testers hand book it’s worrying how lax the minimum standards on most things are and yet a worryingly high % fail first time mostly on the basics.
And more so just because it should pass an mot doesn’t make it safe. There are lots of things that are not tested in mot because to do so would involve dismantling….. Your tire sidewall being one of them