Voltage alone is a pretty poor indicator of battery condition.
And I’ve seen plenty knackered batteries that can still pass a test using a drop tester (the proper name for the old fashioned tester mentioned above).
Charging voltage on something without stop/start should be above 14V with all loads on. Modern stop/start systems with smart alternators can vary the voltage quite a bit with anything between 13-15V being acceptable depending on numerous sensors/conditions, so you’re basically at the mercy of the alternator or ECU telling you there’s a charging issue.
You’ve also got to be aware of AGM batteries (fitted as standard on stop/start vehicles, but often fitted on non stop/start depending on the application), as if they’re discharged, the charging voltage won’t rise until the battery is reaching fully charged (this is mainly why AGM is used, as they’ll absorb charge far faster than a conventional lead acid battery).
Cranking voltage on a normal car I wouldn’t expect to drop below 10V with a well charged battery, but if it’s nearing discharged, below 9V and still cranking is borderline acceptable.
Modern battery testers are all capacitive discharge, which give a far better reading of battery condition. In a nutshell they apply a low current frequency through the battery, and with some clever electronics tell you what kind of condition the battery is in. They’re not entirely fool proof, as I’ve once seen one pass a battery as ok, yet still see the battery voltage plummet on load.