Quick reply.. last winter I ran my 11 speed Alfine with a double ring up front and using the Alfine chain tensioner. I’ve completly ignored Shimanos gearing recommendation (which only applies to the 11 speed in any case) and had no issues at all. I didn’t get around to refitting it this winter. It’s a pretty hefty wheel right enough and that makes it a bit of a drag on certain terrain (which is why I run 2×9 the rest of the year.
The Nexus sprockets also fit, so you have more choice.
Use the gearing calculator on Sheldons site if you want to play around with numbers.
Fatbikes definitely play well with low gearing – all that traction. However, there are a few stories of knackered Alfines once they’ve been heavily used in coastal conditions