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  • 2021 America’s Cup
  • willjones
    Free Member

    And handy link to technique and loads in apparent wind sailing/foiling.

    https://www.northsails.com/sailing/en/resources/north-sails-international-moth-speed-guide

    Pertinent here I think because of the discussion around US boat easing the main and runners.

    matt_outandabout
    Full Member

    May result in the same issue, but a different “bit” of physics.

    I meant this rather than changing physics.

    Part of the different bit has to be that the lateral resistance, drag and main lift is significantly offset from the centreline, with a rudder and controlling foil still on the centre line. This is nothing like other foiling designs such as moth or even catamaran.

    We then need to think about the speed (and related momentum). Again, a Moths and foiling small cat’s are hitting mid 30 knots. Ocean going foilers such as Gitana hit 50 knots – but have a huge wide base of stability and don’t do the ‘swerving’ manouvres these guys are doing around the cans. Imoca 60’s reach 40 knots on occasion, but that is edge of control and they are designed to semi-foil and they weigh a lot more.

    So an AC75 seems to speed like an ocean foiling trimaran, with the momentum of an IMOCA60, and be expected to fling around corners like a Moth. Combine the speed, momentum, competing forces and a unique sail-foil layout and I think things are head meltingly complex.

    Back in the day when I sailed an International Canoe a few times I was taught (like Moths do) to keep the hull under the rig – that is to say we steered gusts and heel’s to keep the tip of the sails above the hull and sailor. Doing this mean I went from sail-swim every 50m to sailing for a full race with occasional dips… It was just *different* to anything else I had sailed up until then…

    (Matt’s claim to fame – I have beaten Mr_Ainslie in a sailing race. 8)
    We were 16 at the time on youth squad, and it was a fluke. But I have. Once. )

    Greybeard
    Free Member

    Part of the different bit has to be that the lateral resistance, drag and main lift is significantly offset from the centreline, with a rudder and controlling foil still on the centre line.

    I thought about that, and then I wondered how much of the total drag is water on foils and how much is air on hull and rig.

    Twodogs
    Full Member

    I would think the drag on the foil is way more than that on the rig – I figured that might be why they don’t put both foils down when the wind is lighter to give more lift.

    tbf, I know nothing about it, my only “relevant” experience is foiling windsurfers (and they’re not really relevant other than having a big foil at the front and little one at the back, and not moveable parts…height is controlled by moving your weight) – but they do launch out of the water just like those boats if you get overpowered and can’t get your weight forward to keep the wing in the water. (and once the wing leaves the water, they stop dead).

    matt_outandabout
    Full Member

    A good question @greybeard – and one then wonders if the sudden lift on American Magic was as much hull-becomes-wing-at-particular-angle as underwater foil influences.

    hmmmm.

    matt_outandabout
    Full Member

    I would think the drag on the foil is way more than that on the rig

    Again, another useful thought.
    And would this change in a sudden gust of wind or acceleration situation?

    Twodogs
    Full Member

    I think we’re overthinking it…once that rudder wing was ventilating, the stern is going down, the bow is going up, the angle of attack of the front wing massively increases, giving even more lift, and it shoots out of the water. Once out of the water..no lift. splat.

    As to why the rear wing was ventilating..you’d need several degrees in hydrodynamics to figure that out I suspect!

    yetidave
    Free Member

    why the rear wing was ventilating

    I think that this is fairly straight forward. Not enough speed (for that much breeze), (or not enough acceleration before the breeze) creating too much pressure causing a bit of heel leading to a sideways slip and the ventilation – boom, airborn! whether it was ventilating or cavitating (if indeed these are different) we do need hydrodynamics experts in for – i am amazed we don’t have any here already!

    Greybeard
    Free Member

    once that rudder wing was ventilating, the stern is going down

    I didn’t know it was the rudder wing ventilating, I thought it was the blade – but maybe it’s the wing that steers the boat? I can see why the wing ventilating means losing control of trim, but not why that necessarily drops the stern. I’m tending to think that the heel lifted the hull and then the apparent wind under it lifted the nose, like Donald Campbell’s Bluebird. While Bluebird was going six times as fast, Patriot is 3 times as long (and so probably 9 times the plan area) and only 3 times as heavy.

    Twodogs
    Full Member

    I think that this is fairly straight forward.

    I very much doubt that it is straightforward.

    Twodogs
    Full Member

    From Andrew Campbell, the flight controller on American Magic:

    According to Campbell, they tried everything to minimise the impact – but were left helpless once the boat headed skyward.

    “When we did get round the top …we didn’t quite manage to get the rudder through that turn. On the [TV] replays you can see the rudder sink [and] at that point you don’t really have any more control over the foils at all.

    “No amount of minimum flap is going to bring the hull back down at that point [and] you’re just waiting to see if you can get any grip on that foil at all to cushion the boat on the way down.”

    yetidave
    Free Member

    so, AM out for another week, RR2 starting at 3am ish tomorrow morning for us. Who is getting up early/not going to bed to watch Ineos vs Luna Rosa.

    sharkbait
    Free Member

    RR2 RR3 starting at 3am ish tomorrow morning for us

    /pedant!!

    Who is getting up early/not going to bed to watch Ineos vs Luna Rosa.

    No!
    Actually I’m doing my vaccination training all day tomorrow so won’t get to see it until tomorrow night at the earliest.
    Very much hoping that they get the first strike in to put them into the finals.

    yetidave
    Free Member

    Very sorry, RR3. 🙁 Don’t think it was pedantic of you, i was wrong.

    dantsw13
    Full Member

    I’ll record it and watch it when I get up. What’s the forecast conditions?

    richmars
    Full Member

    Up at 4am (don’t ask!) expecting to watch it recorded but pleased to see it’s been delayed to a 4:20 start.

    sharkbait
    Free Member

    Read the report – sounds like an amazing race.
    Well done ineos…. Who’d a thunk it 4 weeks ago!

    Plenty of work still to do.

    I want to see them racing in 12 knots again to see if they have actually sacrificed strong wind performance for more mid range.

    matt_outandabout
    Full Member

    How does Ineos fly?

    With balls that big to go for the port-starboard call at the finish…

    😎

    Come on UK.

    dantsw13
    Full Member

    What do the racers on here think about that last leg protest?

    matt_outandabout
    Full Member

    The Italians were bearing away towards UK, in effect aiming for a collision course to get Ineos to gybe away or luff hard. UK also altered course a bit too help avoid. You can see the wake shape afterwards.

    If the Italians had held course, things may have been different.

    The call therefore was good.

    dantsw13
    Full Member

    Thanks – from a non racer it certainly seemed like LR turned off their racing line to force a penalty as they had otherwise lost.

    dannybgoode
    Full Member

    Blimey, that was exciting. Can someone in the know give a quick dummies guide to which bit of Ineos was a bit broken and why that meant they were a bit slow windward?

    Getting quite into this match racing malarkey 🙂

    eddiebaby
    Free Member

    Great race.

    dantsw13
    Full Member

    It was the Cunningham – a type of downhaul used to change the shape of the sail. What is good for upwind isn’t for the downwind leg.

    sharkbait
    Free Member

    Yep Cunningham flattens the upper part of the main and opens the upper leach.

    (Flatter sail is “depowered” but also potentially ultimately faster”

    dantsw13
    Full Member

    Interesting in Ben Ainslies post race interview he said that in that final leg cross, he thought they were well clear, but both teams went for a power mode (I assume a short term burst of speed that would cost you in the long term)and LRs was more effective because of their Cunningham issue.

    If they managed to win the race whilst suffering a technical that affected downwind speed it definitely bodes well.

    LR messed up 2 tacks today which cost them.

    sharkbait
    Free Member

    Did they fix the cunningham before the race or just put it on and tie it off so they where less than optimum downwind?

    richmars
    Full Member

    Apparently set to about 75% (I have no idea what that means). It was on their list of things that could fail, so had a system on the tender that could pressurise the hydraulics, then lock it at fixed value.

    dantsw13
    Full Member

    Whats going on with this possible DSQ hanging over them with a problem with the measurement of their outhaul? Shouldn’t all this crap be sorted before this stage?

    sharkbait
    Free Member

    That was fixed I think. The main shouldn’t have any openings in it and theirs did for the outhaul – I think it was fixed pretty quickly (sure I saw it taped over for day 2)
    Either way it was measured in before the event so they can’t get dsq.

    matt_outandabout
    Full Member

    Exactly, it went through scrutineering so all good.
    They will have to change it for main event.

    dantsw13
    Full Member
    thisisnotaspoon
    Free Member

    So not any real chance of being DSQ unless some other measurement/rule is broken?

    It’s not like previous cups where there have been events on set dates where you have to show the opposition the underside of your boat so unless one of the other teams is holding an ace card of knowing about a violation but hasn’t reported it, and the measurers haven’t noticed it then it’s a nonissue.

    Thanks – from a non racer it certainly seemed like LR turned off their racing line to force a penalty as they had otherwise lost.

    It’s not like motor racing where you get to make one correction per corner then have to hold your line. You can’t make a sudden change of course and cause a collision, but LR’s tactic was pretty obvious so I’m not sure what nuance it’s judged on. To me I think Ineos had all the time in the world to see what was going to happen. Although I suspect LR was losing boatspeed so if Ineos had gybed they would still have won because LR was going to have to luff up again to pick up speed to gybe back for the line.

    I don’t sail a downwind VMG boat so I’m not sure how the rules work with regard to propper course and downwind ley lines. But if I was on a starboard gype and an opponent was on port I’d be bullying them off the course because unlike upwind they cant tack off and become the leeward boat and luff you, you get to luff them.

    porter_jamie
    Full Member

    If the UK wins the AC, would the next race be a round the island race, as per the original race in 1851?

    eddiebaby
    Free Member

    I don’t sail a downwind VMG boat so I’m not sure how the rules work with regard to propper course and downwind ley lines. But if I was on a starboard gype and an opponent was on port I’d be bullying them off the course because unlike upwind they cant tack off and become the leeward boat and luff you, you get to luff them.

    These high speed boats are insane in the way they go round the course sheeted in all the time but although they look like magic is going on I’m sure they are limited by laylines. 🙂
    Watching this racing has been great and I’ve been up early to watch it live for the last couple of hours of the shows. I used to think windsurfing was fast.

    thols2
    Full Member

    If the UK wins the AC, would the next race be a round the island race, as per the original race in 1851?

    I think the challenging club and defenders negotiate over the specifics and it goes to the NY Supreme Court if they can’t agree. I assume that a major consideration will be financial, they will be looking for public subsidies and TV rights, so nobody will want to go back to the historic format.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deed_of_Gift_of_the_America%27s_Cup

    The Club challenging for the Cup and the Club holding the same may by mutual consent make any arrangement satisfactory to both as to the dates, courses, number of trials, rules and sailing regulations, and any and all other conditions of the match, in which case also the ten months’ notice may be waived.

    In case the parties cannot mutually agree upon the terms of a match, then three races shall be sailed, and the winner of two of such races shall be entitled to the Cup. All such races shall be on ocean courses, free from headlands, as follows: the first race, twenty nautical miles to windward and return; the second race, an equilateral triangular race of thirty-nine nautical miles, the first side of which shall be a beat to windward; the third race, (if necessary), twenty nautical miles to windward and return; and one week day shall intervene between the conclusion of one race and the starting of the next race. These ocean courses shall be practicable in all parts for vessels of twenty-two feet draught of water and shall be selected by the Club holding the Cup; and these races shall be sailed subject to its rules and sailing regulations so far as the same do not conflict with the provisions of this deed of gift, but without any time allowances whatever. The challenged Club shall not be required to name its representative vessel until at the time agreed upon for the start, but the vessel when named must compete in all the races; and each of such races must be completed within seven hours.

    richmars
    Full Member

    Video about the repairs to Patriot. It’s a huge new panel that’s been made!

    Shred
    Free Member

    When I watched the race live, I agreed with the jury decision on the starboard protest at the end. Watching the replay from onboard, it does look more like it should have gone to Luna Rosa.

    dantsw13
    Full Member

    So it’s a first to 4 wins Semi, then a first to 7 final.

    Rita seems to be the only boat with a flat bottom. The others all have a pointed bottom to the keel. Is there a technical reason for the difference?

    Twodogs
    Full Member

    Rita seems to be the only boat with a flat bottom.

    No, it doesn’t

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