We do camping trips to the Alps with all the bikes and gear inside a 205cm x 125cm trailer with a hightop frame & tarp cover. Behind the Doblo it makes no difference to fuel consumption, but does cost a little extra on the ferry. It is stable and easy to tow, and the slightly lower speeds aren’t an issue for me.
We also do trips to ski with a large roofbox. This does effect fuel consumption, especially if you want to go fast, and does does cost a little extra on the ferry.
Both options are good for what they are for. Ease of use is the key. If you have somewhere to store a roofbox and can easily fit it, it may be the best answer.
Last summer we went to the Alps but didn’t camp. Roofbox + towbar bike rack.
Generally I try to avoid bikes on the roof.