Don’t be buggering about with turbos on a campsite unless you really really know what you are doing.
It *could* be EGR or turbo vane related, but that tends to happen on short trip cars and I wouldn’t expect it to happen in the middle of a long trip unless something is causing it to smoke. Don’t automatically assume that it is. On my Passat the issue was in the wiring to the boost sensor, the EGR was squeaky clean for its whole life.
Limp mode is there to protect the engine, so IMO it’s unlikely to cause damage. The only possible issue is that if there’s a boost leak or something like it could cause smoke that you wouldn’t see and it might block up the DPF. However, the fact it’s in limp mode suggests the car has realised something is wrong and is taking precautions so I’m guessing that won’t happen. Driving in limp mode could be pretty hairy though. The Passat would do 40mph in limp mode on a flat road, but it was the power that was capped not the speed, so on any hill it would slow to a crawl and you could end up doing 20mph or less. Not nice. The Merc on the other hand was perfectly driveable in limp mode.