Carbon Fibre is a composite material, i.e. carbon fibres embedded in a resin, the strength comes from the fibre wrap, so unless you damage the fibres, it’s not a problem (unless of course it’s another type of damage such as heat, UV, etc over time).
On bikes you get thick paint, then a lacquer, then the composite material, it’s given that level of thickness to add a bit of protection to reduce damage from impact damage, so from what i see you’ll be fine, it is a little blurry but can’t see more than paint and lacquer being off, just put a bit of primer and paint in there and you’ll be fine.
If you want extra confidence in it, you could remove the rear triangle and then try the old coin tapping test, not hugely accurate but can highlight damage.