There's not a lot of fluid in bicycle brakes. I'd guess between 20 and 50ml depending on the system. Without seeing, it's hard to tell but what you saw from the front caliper could just be the teflon lube you were using. The best way to check for a leak is to clean and dry the system and then use an old toe strap to pull the brake on hard overnight. If there's a leak, you should see a drip on the bottom of the caliper in the morning. (lean the bike over so that if it does leak, it doesn't do so on the tyre).
As for the sponginess, that sounds like it needs bleeding. A possible temp. help would be to tei the lever off in the hope that the pressure in the system will force any air to rise and then escape into the reservoir.
The rear brake not biting could be that the system doesn't "pump" up. If you'vre got a particularly sticky piston, perhaps it's not coming out of the caliper at all now you've pushed it back. Are the pads contacting the rotor when you pull the lever? Is the lever firming up when you pull it or is there nothing there? Is there a chance you've contaminated the pads?
By the way, the squealing could have been an alignment issue.