The second is the SI unit but it’s not actually the ultimate unit of time; that is the frequency of a caesium 133 atom ground state transition, which never changes. 9,192,631,770Hz. And since a second is 1Hz^1 you can now relate seconds to observing that transition. The clocks a few paces from my office are doing that right now.
Gradually all the SI units have transitioned from artefacts to the definitions based on fundamental constants.
https://www.npl.co.uk/si-units/the-redefinition-of-the-si-units
But if you actually look at the true definitions of the 7 SI units, in the end they come back to a few physical constants and the second, or in one case, the mole.
So for example the metre is defined from the speed of light in vacuum (a constant, c), if you can measure the time absolutely you know the distance absolutely, which we define in m (but really is a fraction of c)
More complex – a kilogram
The kilogram is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant, ℎ, to be 6.626 070 15 × 10-34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m^2 s^−1.
But we just determined that distance is defined by measuring time accurately, so in the end the m part of it is really a time measurement.
Another….The candela is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W^−1 or cd sr kg^–1 m^–2 s^3 (sr = steradians)
But the metre is related back to the second, and the kg is related to the metre and the second (so, the second and the second again)
Know the second – and you can work out the rest