I’ve been slowly extending the life of an AGP/DDR based system and sooner or later you will probably want to upgrade the whole thing. If you switch motherboards you may well find that you need to replace the graphics card (from AGP to PCI-E) and memory (DDR to DDR2) the disc drive should be safe though as most new motherboards have IDE and the newer SATA interfaces.
If you do stick with the current motherboard for now you might need to do a bit of research, finding the processor socket type is only the first step and you still need to know what processors of that socket type will work (for example my motherboard takes Intel 775 processors, it can run most dual-core ones happily but can’t provide the voltages for quad-core). You might also need to upgrade the bios for the motherboard to recognise newer processors.
Some software diagnostic programs will identify the make and model of motherboard without the need to open the case (SiSoft Sandra used to I think) but I don’t know if there’s anything built into Windows that will.