We've not seen the last of deepwater drilling.
Having worked in the industry both as an insider and more recently as a consultant, I take a bit of a different view of the situation. The US (and UK) government both have strong political motivations to extract their domestic oil reserves – doing so reduces dependance on unpredictable arab states and brings in serious tax revenue. They've hence encouraged companies with the skills to do it to drill increasingly difficult reservoirs. It's no exaggeration to say that deepwater drilling in the Gulf of Mexico is pushing the boundaries of what's possible. When Shell put the Brent platforms into the North Sea (then considered deep water), they compared the challenges to those being faced by the Apollo program at the time. It's still a reasonable comparison. Accidents will happen as you push the boundaries of knowledge. No one has yet provided an explanation, as far as I'm aware, for the Deepwater Horizon blowout, and to me it's timing suggests something out of the ordinary happened. Deep water forces drillers to tread a fine line with well control, probably giving little margin to deal with an unexpected problem.
It seems rather hypocritical to me that a government that has encouraged companies to drill in an inherently risky environment points the finger at BP when things go wrong. One could argue that given the risks and significant technical advances made in the Gulf of Mexico, the environmental safety record has been impressive.
Given our thirst for oil, and the fact that the US and UK's biggest new reserves are in deepwater in the Gulf of Mexico and west of Shetland, I can't see anything other than a short term halt to deepwater exploration.