I think the key to many peugeot reputation problems stem from this sort of thing – (no offence intended, I’m as guilty as you in some ways!) people trying to run the car on a shoestring, not performing proper maintenance and treating the car as someting that gets repaired when it goes wrong rather than staying on top of it.
You can’t leave out the springs, they’re not just anti-rattle springs, they position the pad correctly within the caliper. On top of that they prevent the rattling around (hence the name) which wears the locating surfaces so pads break loose. FWIW the sliding edge and pin should not be loose at all, there’s about 0.25mm clearance on a new everything setup and it usually takes tapping in lightly with a spanner/pliers. Really brakes are not the place to go buying half price with missing parts, but I suspect you’ve spotted that 😉