If this happens again, use the damage on the tube to see where the problem is on the wheel and tyre.
Possible causes:
Burrs or sharp edges on valve or spoke holes, rim tape not covering spoke holes. (sounds like you have already checked this)
Old tyres with wire beads where strands are exposed.
Running too low tyre pressure.
When you change a tube, are you seating the valve tight in the rim before fitting the tyre to the rim?
You need to get the tyre bead in place on the rim, go round a squeeze the tyre together, look down into the rim to see if you have trapped the tube anywhere. Check the valve stem is free to move, add a little air to lock the tyre beads in place, again check tyre is seated properly all the way round rim on both sides. Fully inflate, the screw down valve lock ring.