Depends on setup. Cage length isn’t about cassette size, it’s about how much chain needs getting out of the way in the smallest combo. If you run 1x you need less cage length than if you ran 2x or 3x for the same cassette.
Assuming Shimano and 1x, then for 10sp any GS (medium) will handle the job although you may run into B screw issues with bigger cassettes that cause you to need a wolftooth or similar to move the effective jockey positions and get round the problem. Zee WR mechs are a tad short for most systems and may give a result but will be more chew to setup. The Shimano Deore 6000 10sp will be fine out if the box. If 11sp then you want the shorter of the two lengths for 1x and the longer for multiple front rings. The situation for SRAM is not quite the same.
In standard Shimano MTB cassette fittings, 8, 9, 10 and 11 sp freehubs are the same length and don’t need spacers. Axle length has no impact on this. There are jokers (including the Hope Pro4) that use Road specification and other wild non-standard things instead of MTB for some reason and do need a spacer.
The standard derailleur capacity formula applies to all derailleur systems and is always available if you want to be sure and know the capacity of the derailleur you’re looking at.
