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Pedal threads or handlebar grip diameter, perhaps?
Can't think of much else!
No such thing as a bike standard, just a choice that some like a moan about.. .
Rear mech bolt thread
grips more likely unless we all grow massive trump sized hands to require bigger bars to hold.
Some older Trek hybrids had odd bars that take odd grips
Theres two pedal sizes in general use (kids bikes use a smaller thread) and if I recall correctly there's been a few experiments in the past.
Integrate hangers are bypassing rear mech bolts.....
Even crank extractor threads aren't immune, there's an old obscure French standard that still crops up now and again.
The only thing I can think of that's never changed since it was invented is Shimano SPD cleats. They're still unchanged.
Handlebar grips? What was that new WTB thing that needed the end of the bars to be angled?
Shimano SPD cleats- yes but you can get time and candies and the totally different speedplay so there is no clipless pedal standard.
Chain pitch!!
Block spacing for 5 to 10 speed. Not sure about 11
Gear cable end
Saddle rails
Side the chain goes on.
There will be exceptions like the team USA track team chain side
The bolt spacing is standard, so that's a possible.
Shimano did an odd pedal thread road pedal in the 80s, IIRC. Never took off.
Saddle rails were messed up with iBeam.
Resr Mech hanger bolt size?
Saddle rails aren't standard, some are much thicker and don't fit some seatposts, some are oval too.
Related to grips, control mount diameters? Even really old road bike brakes fit new bars, ditto MTB brakes.
Spoke threads (excluding factory wheels).
Saddle rails might be oval or fat carbon but they're still spaced at 44mm. Bottle cage bosses = M5 bolts spaced at roughly 63mm (2 1/2") . 1/2" chain pitch, 7/8" bar diameter at grips, 9/16" pedal threads and M10 x 1mm derailleur attachment bolt, all been around forever but work, so I expect will be faffed around with soon!
<p style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 1.2em; color: #444444;">Chain pitch!!</p>
Has been mucked around but not for decades. Last time it was seriously looked at was dura ace 10mm pitch. Which died a thousand deaths.
<p style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 1.2em; color: #444444;">Gear cable end.</p>
Two versions, shimano and campag.
<span style="color: #444444; background-color: #eeeeee;">Spoke threads</span>
Don't know how 1.8, 2.0 and 2.3 can be called "one standard"
<span style="color: #444444;">Block spacing for 5 to 10 speed</span>
If you mean the total width of the block/cassette, no, thats changed a few times. So has the pitch of the sprockets, and the thickness.
On the cleat front, even something as basic as the bolt spacing for SPD has had two standards.......
The only thing i can add is the dimensions of an 11 speed road cassette, they are interchangeable between Shimano, SRAM and Campag. Still not a "standard" as they don't include MTB cassettes and the splines are completely different. :/
This is something that has been messed with a lot so slightly OT.. But my idea for the SRAM board meeting was short taper steerers, to build stubby head tubes for long travel 29ers. So existing tapered forks wouldn't fit. But now it's on trend to have your bars sky high I don't think they will go for it.