fuel is done to certain standards and meets quality/octane standards marks all the differences are marketting. They all come from the same refinery /distribution network
There are MINIMUM values for certain specs for fuels, but not all of them. In diesel terms, the minimum cetane number is something like 51, but fancy diesel (ie BP Ultimate or Shell Optimax etc) is min 55. It makes a significant difference in starting and smoothness, and also improves power and economy.
In petrol terms I am less sure but I think they have to have a certain oxygen content, and for cheap fuel they add something to meet that spec that can reduce the energy density..? Not sure.
In any case there can be big differences between fuels that meet the legal specs.
I dunno about the OP’s situation – could be a number of factors conincidental or as yet undiscovered. However fancy diesel (Ultimate etc) does not make my car smoke more, but I never see visible smoke anyway. It does make it smoother, more economical and a smidge more torquey tho.