Not the answer you probably want, but I always look back to socio-psychology when it comes to religion. The ‘leaders’ come and go but the song remains the same, a hymn, a rally to war, a call to prayer, an instruction to be faithful…etc
The thing that ‘runs’ dogmatic/organised religion (including Islam) is the fragile ego and the resultant drive for group identity. This then becomes a way to exert power over the in-group (and the ‘out-groups’)
The psychology of religion
^^^ I find this interesting (including the suggestion that militant atheists have more in common with dogmatic religion than many perceive)