I can only comment on this after breaking some bones and trying to keep active.
Either is torture, a turbo less so:
An exercise bike (unless you spend a fortune) wont take any kind of spd / clipless pedals. The one my other half has ends up in a really odd riding position (weird bars, saddle moves in 3 inch forward / aft movement, height is changed in full inch).
A turbo means you can ride you normal position, saddle, pedals. In the garage. Cold. Bored. Gaining a few pounds was so much easier.
If you’re determined, get a turbo and a spare wheel with a slick.
Unless I’ve broken bones I’d much prefer to ride outdoors in a howling gale with hail at -10 than sit on a bike indoors – but thats just me!