Don’t risk it.
1. the carbon fibre composite is not conductive so the powder coat won’t stick unless you apply a conductive coating first (as mentioned above).
Technically you could generate static on the carbon fibre surface which could be used but as it is bonded to a metal frame it would be earthed and you would also need to maintain the charge so again its a bit of a no-go without a coating.
2. Even if you mask the composite and just coat the aluminium, the thermal expansions of the aluminium and composite parts are different so when you melt the powder coat you could damage the joints between the different materials.
3. Without knowing what the resin system used is and what cure cycle was used and the Tg you have no idea if your powder coat heating temp will be too high and cause damage.
ie the quick answer is paint it.
The easy way to do so is get the composite bits masked off and protected and strip the aluminium and paint as normal for aluminium.
Or if you want the composite painted just use a primer an paint that is okay to use on composite. Not hard to find as fibreglass body parts have been around for a long time. I’d probably use 2 different primers though for the different materials – an etch primer for the aluminium and one suited for composite on the composite. Not sure if etch primers are recommended around bonded joints though.