I’ve just installed a 1×10 with a 36 front and 11-36 cassette, along with a Superstar XCR chain device. Everything works splendidly until I try to shift to the 36T on the cassette, at which point the chain comes off of the front ring at the bottom. Before I either blow yet more cash I don’t have on a chain device with a bottom roller, or spend hours pointlessly mucking about with the position of the front ring to try to improve the chainline can anyone offer any insight into the most likely cause?

Ramped front ring?

Yep, it’s a Deore one.

Chain on the short side?

Switch to an unramped ring and that should solve the problem.