There’s a few things I would try, although being a bit rubbish on Photoshop they might not be technically correct.
I would do a bit of ‘dodging & burning’ on the darker areas – there’s a Scott Kelby book that describes the technique quite well.
But, in your image the foreground is so dark it wouldn’t look pretty. I use that more for small adjustments.
You could add a mask and fiddle with levels, but again I think you are stuck because you are trying to make such an extreme change.
I would have thought only way to do it would be to take multiple images & merge (not easy with phone pics/no alignment) or use a ND grad filter.
I wonder if you can get an app that adds a software ND grad filter to a camera sensor. That would be cool, because it could probably sense the lighter area & put an exact ND grad in place.