The local housing authority have just insulated the outsides of a load of their houses in my area. Basically they glued polystyrene to the outsides, then rendered over the top. Much to my annoyance they cut holes for the pikey's to get in & out.
I asked about the cost to do my house…nearly £9k.
I worked it out that it would pay for itself in about 80 years.
To save money I informed the mrs that from now on any polystyrene packaging would be glued to the outside of the house. It would look odd for a while but eventually I'd trim it all down to the same thickness.
There is a material, cant remember its real name but I think its known as "frozen smoke" or something like that. It came attached to plasterboard & gave the same insulation value as a styrene filled 8" cavity. Was expensive though, about £25/m^2 if I remember rightly.