In terms of a hobby /enthusiast sport, road cycling is way more eco-friendly than MTBing.
A roadie will ride from the front door to the club meeting point, everyone will ride for a few hours then split off and head home.
A MTBer will load the car up, drive anywhere from 10-200 miles each way, do a ride then drive home.
In terms of it being a proper competitive sport then it works out differently – virtually everyone (roadie or MTBer) will load their bike into a car, drive to the start point and do their race. In most domestic road races there's 3-4 cars and maybe 1-3 motorbikes and they're essential for the safety of the bunch and other road users. Cars carry the race commissaires, First Aid and (in bigger races) neutral support. IN MTBing you obviously can't have cars but there's often a couple of quad bikes/motorbikes out there.
In *any* sporting event, there's the associated pollution of all the spectators/sponsors/traders etc driving there as well. Anyway, it could be worse, it could be Formula 1.