burst takes a few sequential photos.
A short exposure is unrelated – you can take sequential photos each using a short exposure.
The short exposure means that have a better chance of freezing motion. However you can sttil “freeze” motion with longer exposures if your panning and tracking technique is good enough
would suggest you concentrate more on your timing, it’s still possible to take crap photos using burst.
Sorry to sound dismissive, but don’t really have time to go into detail at the moment, at work.
Read this, and I’ll try to come back later to see what other people have said
http://www.dpreview.com/articles/3215247995/mountain-bike-photography-technique