the only control settings available with PDF production are document size and dots per inch
exactly. And my, admittedly petty, point was than in you original explanation you didn’t quote the document size making the number of DPIs pretty meaningless.
The file’s data may say 225 dpi but a display won’t read this data, it will simply stretch the available pixels to the screen size. On a digital display a 5 inch 225 dpi image will be lower quality than a 10 inch 225 dpi image.
since PDFs were designed primarily for printing
No they weren’t. The were intended as a method of sharing files in a standard format that would render consistently on different machines. A kind of digital paper.
Similarly photoshop still allows you to change an image’s DPI settings even though very few photoshop outputs ever see actual print
Ps allows you to alter the resolution either directly via changing the number of pixels or indirectly by changing the size and PPI setting. This is just as some people are more comfortable this way rather than it actually having any impact on the way the file is used.
Any way it’s just petty semantics and the high quality version does look awesome on the new iPad screen.