Difficult to tell. The red, black and earth are going to be the live and neutral plus earth which comes from the lighting circuit/consumer unit to power the alarms. The three core (Red, blue, yellow) will be live , neutral and interconnect, but not necessarily in that order.
My guess is the upstairs one is linked from the downstairs one. Take the cover off that and you will probably see red, blue, yellow. If the alarms are the same then the connections should be labelled and just repeat downstairs, with the red and black from the 2 core going into the Live and neutral respectively.
Post pictures of them both and I should be able to identify it.
Rich.