Mainly massive debt defaults. In the case of the Eurozone Id expect to see expulsion from the currency.
Debt default would lead to huge increases in the cost of national borrowing meaning that government expenditure would not be able to be supported by borrowing, which in turn means massive cuts in public budget.
Collapsed/worthless currency would make imports extremely expensive, but exports competitive. Fewer imports usually means fall in standard of living though.
For the UK rather than default we are able to put up interest rates to keep our debt competitive and usually, through inflation, inflate the value of our debt away. Not so great for the population though as wage increases wont keep up with consumer price increases meaning a fall in standard of living.