Hmm, just run the numbers comparing a 1x to a 2x which I’ve not done since moving from a 3×9 on a 26″ bike to 1×10 on a 29er some years ago.
I compared a 1×11 30T with 11-42T Sunrace cassette to 36/22 chainset with 11-36T Shimano cassette.
At the top end on the 1x 30/11 gives a ratio of 2.73, the 2x has ratios of 2.77 and 3.27 better than that.
At the bottom end the 1x has 30/42 = 0.71 whereas the 2x has 0.69 and 0.61 lower.
I’m not sure about you but I don’t think I’d be able to tell the difference between 2.73 & 2.77 which on a 29er are 79.17 and 80.33 gear inches so really there’s one extra gear at the top end. At the bottom end the difference between 0.71 and 0.69 ratios is 3%, gear inches of 20.59 and 20 respectfully. So here there’s one extra gear.
TBH the above surprised me, I thought there’d be at least two effective gear ratios extra at either end.
Gaps between gears? If you stay in the same chainring then the percentage difference between cogs is the same (I just happened to choose two cassettes with the same bottom ten cogs, the 11spd simply adds the 42T cog) so you only get the smaller changes if you change chainring at the same time. Then you get changes of 1%, 11%, 2%, 12%. I don’t know about you but I’d probably not notice those small ones especially off-road. There’s only one pair of absolutely identical ratios BTW 22/17 & 36/28. There’s a run of four ratios at either end where you don’t need to change chainring but once you are in the middle of the range then all but one ratio change requires you to change both front and rear.
The one thing that 1x cannot do is match the single massive step you get when switching chainrings.
I’m sure if you picked two different cassettes and chainsets you’d get different figures but other than the massive spread of the Sram Eagle cassettes I don’t think they’d be much different.