The sleeve (larger item between the two “3”s in the picture below) forms one of the races for both pedal bearings (there are no cartridge bearings) and is an interference fit in the pedal body. It is pushed into position when the long nut “2” (which is also a race of the inner bearing) is tightened into the pedal body. As Onzadog said, it should have been pulled back out again when nut “2” was unscrewed from the pedal body unless the spindle has snapped, or the small nut/locknut on the end of the spindle have come off.
Bearing puller / slide hammer is probably the only option (improvise with a rawl bolt?). If the threaded part of the spindle has snapped off, I would question whether it was worth the trouble.