Hmmm. Seems a bit strange. I’d expect the current buildings insurer to, basically, note that work was going on and then not cover the works.
The builder carrying out the works needs to have something called contract works cover. This isn’t “usual” tradesmans cover (which is tools, public liability, etc) but is designed to cover damage to the thing they’re working on, i.e., the extension.
The builder’s public liability cover should also provide cover if they accidentally damage the main house.
It’s usually a condition of your household policy to let the insurer know if you have any works going on, specifically so they can tell you that they aren’t covering the works! But to say the policy isn’t valid is odd. And to ask for £1500 for a new policy makes it sound like they’ve been asked to cover the works.
More questions need to be asked OP!