What Dropoff and I could still be the problem.
If that rad the fitter removed was at the furthest point from the boiler you’d expect the lockshield valve to be fully open. As radiators get closer to the boiler, you’d expect to have the lockshield valves wound in, and the closest rads would only have them cracked open a little. This stops all the water taking the shortest route and not heating the rest of the radiators.
Try closing that valve and then opening one turn, and see if the problematic radiator starts heating.
The whooshing noise is probably just because you’ve closed off all the TRV’s (opposite side to the lockshield) and you can hear the sheer volume of water pumping through the one remaining radiator. By closing all the other TRV’s, you’ve done the same thing as closing the lockshields, therefore encouraging the water to take a longer route through the problematic rad.