Gashes from rock, slate and flint etc are more of a challenge for a tubeless sealant. Making sure that you have enough in your tyre is always a good start. If you know that you had a bit of a gash last time then the sealant needed topping up. It may have sorted the recent event but we will never know. As has been said look up tubeless repair kits/sticky string. These are great for when the hole is more that just a little thorn type punctures.
IME 6 months is as much as I would expect the sealant to last with out being topped up. Removable cores are great for this. I tend to stick a bit more in at 3 months.
If you can no get the tyre to seal trail side then tube it to get back home. Do not forget to check for thorns that may have sealed but still be in the tyre. The tyre can easily be patched when at home with a tube patch/piece of old inner tube to make it good for tube less again. Some use super glue but I have had great results with vulcanising solution.