Thusly on my laptop (no final output because I’ve nowhere to extend to):
C:\>diskpart
DISKPART> list disk
Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt
-------- ------------- ------- ------- --- ---
Disk 0 Online 111 GB 0 B
Disk 1 Online 298 GB 1024 KB
Disk 2 Online 14 GB 12 GB
DISKPART> select disk 0
Disk 0 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> list partition
Partition ### Type Size Offset
------------- ---------------- ------- -------
Partition 1 Primary 100 MB 1024 KB
Partition 2 Primary 111 GB 101 MB
Partition 3 Recovery 449 MB 111 GB
DISKPART> select partition 2
Partition 2 is now the selected partition.
DISKPART> extend
Disk 0 is my boot SSD, disk 1 the mechanical HDD and disk 2 an SD card.
On the SSD, partition 0 is the Windows boot partition, 1 is the main Windows partition (ie, the C:\ drive) and 2 is the slack space used by the SSD manager to reduce wear.
In all of these cases you can broadly identify what they are by size.