I don't think the chain will go (but ofc it may…it's an old one?), more likely the freehub (esp if it's a converted wheel). if you're not cranking on the pedals much then you're unlikely to come too unstuck but sudden loss of drive while stomping is probably the biggest cause of SS accidents (after getting your hairshirt and/or beard caught in the chainring ofc 😉 )
that you can feel / hear the grinding tells you that it's too tight. If it survives until stretched in then you'll probably be OK
if it's all cheap spares, I'd try filing off the leading edge of the axel where it passes through the dropouts. Doesn't give you much but maybe enough (and it's fettling, which is always good)