I had similar problems when I tried.
What you are getting is air coming out round the bead rather than filling the tyre.
Try a layer or two of electrical tape under the rubber strip to make the diameter larger. You want the tyre to be pretty tight to get on.
Leave the wheel/tyre inflated with a tube overnight to give it some shape.
Hold the tyre with the valve at the top. PAt the tyre all the way round on the tread. This squashes the tyre and pushes the bead outwards onto the rim giving a better seal. You might even need to pull the sidewalls out. Then hold the rim and gently push down on the tyre in this area with your thumb or fingers (which ever bit isn’t holding the rim. It sometimes helps to pus the valve up a tiny amount too.
Plenty of soap, sod the water, get some neat washing up liquid on there to help seal.
There is also a method involving a strap but I’ve never made that work.
Final resurt is to try and find something to fill the central well of the rim (foam tape) to stop the tyre falling in. Essentially you are trying to get the tyre to seal against the rim. If you can do this you can use a track pump. If not you need to brute force it and just blast in a load of air, this is why removing the valve core or CO2 works.
There is also a ghetto tubeless inflator on here made out of bottles…