^ they survived because the wheel took the impact, folded and dissipated the force[b]energy[/b]. The load and direction damaged the wheel only. I’ve seen forks folded underneath a bike with a straight front wheel attached, same thing.
FTFY, the fork and wheel experienced the same force, and it would all have been acting on the axle, if anything it’s concentrated on the axle as the force on the rim is spread over they tyre in contact with whatever you’ve hit, therefore the stress (measured in the same units as pressure) is lowest in the wheel, and highest at the axle/fork.
Either way, no point in over designing the fork or wheel, so unsurprising if it’s 50/50 which gives first.