In France we all pay a large part of our income in “charges sociales”, “contribution sociale généralisée”, “remboursement de la dette sociale” (even if the dette continues to grow) and this mountian of money is used to make the system work, rather well, and for everyone, so far. How long that will continue given the increasing number of possible treatments and their costs I have no idea.
When you need treatment you go to the doctor or a public hospital or private clinic and most or all of what you spend is reinboused depending on what you have done. You can take out a “mutuelle”, a private insurance to cover the non-reimboursed part but I don’t.