No time to read the entire post, apologies for repetitions.
1) Nothing wrong with 120, I use it all the time: 150/160 on tubulars
2) Rim tape check good idea
3) I’ve had 7 punctures in 5 years – Vittoria rubino for training, conti comp tubular for races. Four of which were cased by the tiniest shard of flint stuck in my tyre that needed psi plus 1 or 2 miles before slicing through the tube (not the conti comps, never had a flat on those, but that’s superfluous).
4) There clearly is a problem in your system, you shouldn’t puncture every time you go out…that it gets to the stage of becomming part and parcel of roading.
Feel free to email me, we can talk through some ideas if u wish… I’ve raced tri for a few years, not that I’m fast, but I’ve made the mistakes and learned from them 🙂