If you phone your credit card company, they often seem to know the moment a transaction goes through. It takes time to come up on your account, but I know I’ve queried things and they’ve known it was incoming, even though it only popped up on the account a couple of days later. Also potentially a company may just take an authorisation for payment (which locks the money) and take the actual deposit out later, in which case they would be fine to refund.
You haven’t paid the company anything anyway, you’ve agreed to pay the credit card company something, and the credit card company have agreed to pay the garage on your behalf, so it is only their money that is potentially at risk. In theory anyway.
Whatever, you need to talk to the credit card company right away anyway, either to find out you’ve had a refund, or to tell them that the company have gone bust so they can sort you a refund.