Done to death in motorcycling….the figures speak for themselves, a shaft drive set-up loses significantly more forces through that arrangement than a chain and sprocket system, which i believe only loses around 5% of the energy put in at the engine or pedals.
Without the normal STW sarcasm, I’d genuinely like to read studies that compare chains and shafts. I’d have thought a lightweight ‘cable’ drive, rather than solid shaft, as used on motorcycles, would be a very good alternative to the chain.
Ignoring that metals have gone up in price significantly over the past few years, I would have thought a small transfer box/diff at the BB & hub, which would then slide on a splined hub that provides the gear ratios, would be an easy proposition for a progressive engineering company. In my head its made of Ti, fully sealed, which would then reduce the need for masses of heavy lubericating oil.