the panopticon is a famous prison design that involved a central watchtower and a circular distribution of cells around it, meaning that the prisoners could, in theory, always be being watched or never. it was impossible to tell.
it’s used in theoretical discussion these days to describe a situation where you are forced to conform to a set of rules because there is a chance that at that very moment someone is watching you to see if you break them.
with these average speed cameras, as opposed to the fixed ones that you brake for specifically, you have to go at a constant speed for 10 mile stretches because the only way to find out if they really are checking involves getting penalty points and/or a fine. hence, a panopticon.