We have been holidaying in Crail each of the last 5 years. It isn't terribly touristy, which in my view is part of it's appeal. Born a Fifer, and raised in Kinross may also have something to do with it.
The stretch of coast north of Largo to the Tay estuary is a gem: a coastal path links characterful old fishing towns and villages – catch a bus back. Elie (watersports centre at the harbour), Anstruther (great fish suppers from the Anstruther Fish Bar, but prepare to queue, & a busy harbour), Pittenweem (cobbled alleys leading up to the main street, gallery browsing) Crail (postcard perfect harbour) and of course St Andrews are all worth investigating.
St Andrews: even non-golfers like myself have to sit outside the Club House and watch the rich on the 18th green. Great for a leisurely stroll around the centre, harbour, ruined cathedral and castle. Ice cream sundaes at Jannettas on South Street. Ziggys for burgers. The Lammas Street Fair starts around the 7th. Great little natural history museum and peaceful botanic garden. What's not to like?
Dundee gets bad press, but they're working hard on the old seafront area with a number of attractions well worth a visit: Scotts Discovery, HMS Unicorn, Sensation Science Centre, Verdant Works, swimming pool and lunch at DCA. Agood rainy day destination. The drive across the Tay Bridge always special.
Inland I'd 2nd Falkland, the palace and a walk up the hill. Also biking there I believe. Perth is a fine city with nice walks along the River Tay. Perth Highland Games w/e 14th I think.
Catch the train from Leuchars to Edinburgh. Goes over the Forth Railway Bridge – described as awesome by our Harry. Lands you smack in the middle of Edinburgh, and of course the festival is about to kick off.
We're up there for 2 weeks from the 7th – can't wait. No bikes tho', I'm afraid.
Fife's not all bad? Stay away from Rosyth, Kirkcaldy, Methil and Kelty and I think you'll be very pleasantly surprised!