Gears are made up of thin strands that spiral gently along the length, providing lower friction and better accuracy.
Brake cable is made up of a steeply spiralling "band" of steel, sharp as sin when you cut it, and not as smooth on the cable inner, but able to withstand much higher compression forces, which is good on brakes.
Gear outer is designed so that it's length doesn't change as it's bent, nothing to do with friction or 'accuracy'. The outside diamter is usually 4mm.
Brake outer is a wound helical cable, also known as a Bowden cable. True that it resists compression better than gear outer. However both gear and brake outer will have a plastic liner in these times so neither design has anything to do with friction.